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Producing petroleum from the underground requires energy and usually some of this required energy comes from the Mother Nature. The hydrocarbon fluids are under pressure because of geological structures. By the nature, the reservoir pressure moves the hydrocarbon in the wellbore to the surface. Additionally, the gas (both soluble gas and free gas) and aquifer (water) in reservoirs under pressure are the driving sources that help move the underground hydrocarbon into to the production tubing and surface.
Today, we will discuss the first reservoir mechanism which is solution gas drive reservoir. When a newly discovered hydrocarbon reservoir is below the bubble point pressure, the gas will be soluble within the oil phase in reservoir. The reservoir pressure decreases as production goes on and this causes emerging and expansion of gas bubbles creating extra energy in the reservoir. These kinds of reservoirs are called as solution gas drive reservoirs.
Crude oil under high pressure may contain large amounts of dissolved gas. When the reservoir pressure is reduced as fluids are withdrawn, gas comes out of the solution and displaces oil from the reservoir to the producing wells. The efficiency of solution gas drive depends on several factors as the amount of gas in solution, the rock and fluid properties and the geological structure of the reservoir.
This reservoir drive mechanism yield quite low oil recovery which is approximately 10-15 % of the original oil in place (OOIP). The oil recovery is quite low because the gas phase is more mobile than the oil phase in the reservoir. Solution gas drive reservoirs are usually good candidates from water-flooding.
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There are three petroleum engineering universities in China. They are China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China University of Geosciences and Daqing Petroleum Institute. The contact details are listed below.
China University of Petroleum, Beijing
China University of Petroleum, Beijing (CUPB), is located in a scenic region of tourist interests in Changping District, Beijing, about 5 miles to the Ming Tombs and 15 miles to the Great Wall. It offers not only engineering programs in oil and gas science including chemical engineering, petroleum engineering, geoscience and mechanical and electronic engineering, but also in computer science, business management and Chinese Language Study programs of a full range from diploma, bachelor’s and master’s to doctoral programs.
Faculty of Petroleum Engineering – China University of Petroleum
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Formation evaluation (well logging) is the method to evaluate reservoir formations. In this article, I will describe about the basic formation evaluation and its equipment.
The basic logging tools are as follows:
Caliper Log: One or more arms attach on wellbore surface in order to record hole diameter.
Behavior of Caliper Log response with sand in open hole (See the image below)
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